#108
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- Annual degradation: 2.5% of 120 = 0.025 × 120 = <<0.025*120=3>>3 km
- Over 4 years: 4 × 3 = <<4*3=12>>12 km
- Final range: 120 – 12 = <<120-12=108>>108 km
- A historian finds that the number of scientific instruments described in 17th-century texts grew exponentially, doubling every 20 years. If 120 instruments were documented in 1620, how many were documented by 1690?
- Number of doubling periods: (1690 – 1620) / 20 = 70 / 20 = 3.5
- Growth factor: 2^3.5 = 2^3 × √2 = 8 × 1.4142 ≈ 11.3136
